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br Conclusions br Introduction Astrocytes
2022-06-27
Conclusions Introduction Astrocytes contribute to physiological estrone function on many levels. They help maintain the physiological composition of the extracellular medium by, for instance, buffering potassium and uptake of neurotransmitters. They can also provide neurons with energy substr
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As the material for in silico
2022-06-24
As the material for in silico experiments we used an amino Cyclosporine sequence of a fragment of HIV1 surface glycoprotein gp120 corresponding to its less mutable B-cellular epitope: NMWKNNMVEQMHEDIISLWDQ. This sequence is the same as the sequence of the NQ21 and the biotin-NQ21 peptides (the last
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Adenosine triphosphate ATP is thought
2022-06-24
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is thought to be a crucial molecule in acute pain signaling in the DRG, as well as in the development and maintenance of chronic pain (Burnstock, 2009, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014, Chizh and Illes, 2001). Extracellular ATP activates the ionotropic P2X receptors (Bur
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br Materials and methods br Results
2022-06-24
Materials and methods Results Conclusions We developed a glutamate biosensor with chitosan as a matrix for the immobilization of the enzyme glutamate oxidase on the surface of a platinum electrode. Our miniaturized biosensor of 50 µm in diameter can be applied for monitoring glutamate in vi
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LbGlcK and the HsHxKIV d glucose complex PDB entry IDH
2022-06-24
LbGlcK and the HsHxKIV-d-glucose complex (PDB entry 3IDH) [17] were superimposed from individual subunits. The active site regions revealed the key L-α-Aminoadipic Acid binding residues to be present for LbGlcK; also, the superposition showed that HsHxKIV had residues that were absent in LbGlcK, su
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br Funding sources This work was supported in part by
2022-06-24
Funding sources This work was supported, in part, by NIH GM115388 to BGM. Acknowledgements Introduction Glucokinase (GCK) plays a central role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Its activity is restricted to sirtuin 1 with important roles in whole-body glucose homeostasis [1]. In pan
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Sodium Picosulfate Different responses in feed intake have
2022-06-24
Different responses in feed intake have been noticed following administration of exogenous GHRL (peripherally or centrally) depending on animal species. In mammals, injection of GHRL stimulates food intake (orexigenic effect) (reviewed in Kaiya et al., 2013b). In contrast, in domestic birds, exogeno
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br Electron crystallographic structures of connexins The
2022-06-24
Electron crystallographic structures of connexins The structures of gap junctions are good targets for electron microscopy because they exhibit the characteristic features of self-assembly. Early studies examined the three-dimensional (3D) structures of native gap junction adiponectin receptor f
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Although
2022-06-24
Materials and methods Results Discussion Although homologues of the β-galactosidase gene were known to exist in the Xenopus genome, and SA-β-gal activity has been detected in whole-mount Xenopus embryos by histochemical staining (Davaapil et al., 2017), no reports have been presented so far
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GLP is released in response to ingestion of nutrients
2022-06-24
GLP-1 is released in response to ingestion of nutrients including carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Recent studies aimed at identifying the receptors involved in nutrient stimulated GLP-1 secretion have identified free fatty KX2-391 sale receptor 4 (FFA4/GPR120) as a potential 7TM receptor involved
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2022-06-24
Materials and methods Results Discussion The distribution of FFA1 and FFA4 expressed in normal tissues is distinguishable. FFA1 is expressed in the restricted organ, such as pancreatic beta atr inhibitor [18]. In contrast, FFA4 is highly expressed in the lung, gastrointestinal tract, adipoc
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Whether ferroptosis specific inhibitor could promotes spinal
2022-06-24
Whether ferroptosis specific inhibitor could promotes spinal cord repair is a question worth to explore. A potent and stable ferroptosis specific inhibitor is essential for in vivo study. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), the first generation of ferroptosis inhibitor, was shown actively suppressing ferroptosis
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A breakthrough in the understanding of the unique properties
2022-06-24
A breakthrough in the understanding of the unique properties of GPX4-downregulation-induced cell death was accomplished when Seiler et al. in 2008 demonstrated the role of 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), a polyunsaturated fatty Methylcobalamin metabolizing enzyme [92], in the execution of GPX4-knoc
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In summary tail vein injection of mmLDL
2022-06-24
In summary, tail vein injection of mmLDL activated the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, leading to increased serum concentrations and increased vascular wall expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and may cause increased expression of vascular smooth muscle ETB receptors and the ETB receptor-mediated contractile
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br Acknowledgement The work was supported by
2022-06-23
6. Acknowledgement The work was supported by the NSFC through Grant Nos. 11535016 and 11475232. It was also supported by CAS. The authors thank their collaborators for beneficial discussions and enthusiastic supports in the simulations and calculations. Introduction Hypoxia-inducible factors
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