• The ultrafiltration approach has been used to measure equili

  2020-04-17

  

  The ultrafiltration approach has been used to measure equilibrium BIEs for a number of enzyme systems, including Cy5 maleimide (non-sulfonated) hexokinase (Lewis and Schramm, 2003a, Lewis and Schramm, 2003b), thymidine phosphorylase (Birck & Schramm, 2004), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (Murkin,

• In contrast to the methylation that

  2020-04-16

  

  In contrast to the methylation that is catalyzed exclusively by DNMTs, there have been suggested several pathways that could induce demethylation (Watt & Molloy, 1988). However, the existence and influencing of enzymes that promote active demethylation remains elusive. Studies aiming to gain more in

• br Role of cysLT signaling on various neurological complicat

  2020-04-16

  

  Role of cysLT signaling on various neurological complications which are associated with Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease, first described in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, is a neurodegenerative disease and a very common cause of dementia progressively leading to death. Even though years of rese

• Soluble receptors have been shown to be important and

  2020-04-16

  

  Soluble receptors have been shown to be important and common regulators of many cytokines within the immune system, including IL-1, IL-6, IFNγ, TNF-α, GM-CSF, G-CSF and others (Fernandez-Botran, 1991, Heaney, Golde, 1998). We previously described a novel soluble receptor, sCSF-1R, that to date has o

• Experiment B CP during fear acquisition normalizes

  2020-04-16

  

  Experiment 4B: CP154,526 during fear acquisition normalizes fear-potentiated startle and prevents exacerbation of contextual conditioned fear in SERT−/− rats. As genotypes differed markedly in basal fear acquisition, drug effects could differ strongly between genotypes. Therefore, all effects in th

• Placental insufficiency is regarded as the

  2020-04-16

  

  Placental insufficiency is regarded as the main etiology for FGR. Placental development is highly unique in eutherians and is regulated by numerous factors. For example, the novel retrotransposon-derived gene retrotransposon-like 1 (RTL1) was recently shown to play a key role in placental developmen

• This structure guided the variation of the compounds aiming

  2020-04-16

  

  This structure guided the variation of the compounds aiming either at enhanced interaction with CK1 or to exclude interaction with CK1 (R=Me, 15). We chose the 5-cloro substituted oxoindole as backbone as it is supposed to show enhanced metabolic stability, which is commonly used in medicinal chemis

• Therefore in this study we determined

  2020-04-16

  

  Therefore, in this study we determined whether exogenous LTD, a potent agonist of both CysLT and CysLT receptors , , induces TMP269 edema and AQP4 expression in mouse brain; if so, which subtype of the receptors is involved in AQP4 expression in mouse brain and the cultured rat astrocytes. Materia

• Interestingly increased level of both circulating ET and uri

  2020-04-16

  

  Interestingly, increased level of both circulating ET-1 and urinary excretion of ET-1 have been observed in patients treated with nephrotoxic immunosuppressive agents as cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (Slowinski et al., 2002). Other nephrotoxic agents, such as cisplatin, also increase urinary excreti

• EP receptors belong to the family of G

  2020-04-15

  

  EP1–4 receptors belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Trafficking events such as externalization, internalization, recycling and degradation dynamically regulate GPCR cell surface density. A fast-rate of internalization and degradation reduces GPCR surface density to desensitize

• The significance of the difference

  2020-04-15

  

  The significance of the difference in the DDR2 binding specificity towards fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens is not understood, but may imply differences in biological responses when chondrocytes bind to different collagens in the growth plate. Investigations by Labrador et al. (2001) have shown

• DDR plays a crucial role in

  2020-04-15

  

  DDR2 plays a crucial role in regulating a wide variety of fundamental cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion [17], [28], [29], [30]. The authors revealed compromised cell migration in DDR2-silenced fibroblasts exposed to Ang II, most likely due to the loss of

• The only in vivo evidence for

  2020-04-15

  

  The only in vivo evidence for a role of DDR2 in fibrotic disease showed that DDR2 knockout mice exhibited exaggerated severity of chronic hepatic fibrosis. Although a previous in vitro study has demonstrated that DDR2 promotes lung fibroblast proliferation and migration, till now it remains unclear

• br Cytokines as targets for the

  2020-04-15

  

  Cytokines as targets for the development of drugs Since the first scientific evidence describing the large number of cytokines and their functional roles and involvement in molecular mechanism of various diseases or disorders researchers have targeted cytokines. (Isaacs and Lindenmann, 1957), Des

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments We thank Jianru

  2020-04-15

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments We thank Jianru Zuo (Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China) for providing fbr11-1 seeds. We are grateful to Carol MacKintosh and the DSTT at the University of Dundee (UK) for anti-RD21 antibodies. This

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