• As mentioned above there are two major pathways

  2020-02-05

  

  As mentioned above, there are two major pathways for the DSB repair in mammalian cells, NHEJ and HR/HDR (homology-directed repair) [13], [51]. NHEJ is active throughout the cell cycle, predominately during the G0 and G1 phases and is considered the major pathway for the DSB repair in human cells [52

• In this report we evaluate if

  2020-02-05

  

  In this report, we evaluate if this molecular mechanism is used universally by high-fidelity DNA polymerases during the replication of DNA lesions that are structurally distinct from abasic sites. This was approached by quantifying the kinetic parameters for the incorporation of modified and non-nat

• Transcription can also be impaired by lesions in the

  2020-02-05

  

  Transcription can also be impaired by lesions in the template DNA strand, which may lead to stalling of RNA polymerase (RNAP) or to transcriptional mutagenesis, thus producing mutant RNAs and proteins [[3], [4], [5], [6], [7]]. At the same time, RNAP can act as a sensor for DNA lesions, by attractin

• Our results from neutropenic mice infected with

  2020-02-04

  

  Our results from neutropenic mice infected with both fungal strains revealed that the inflammatory process was more severe 72hours post-infection (Fig. 4). Angioinvasion was mainly observed 48hours after infection for both strains. Transformation of A. fumigatus conidia into hyphae in immunocompeten

• Results of the present study demonstrate that OHC treatment

  2020-02-04

  

  Results of the present study demonstrate that 25-OHC treatment of THP-1 monocytes induced vimentin intermediate filament reorganization to more cortical structures and a polarized phenotype (Fig. 5). Vimentin is the major intermediate filament protein present in leukocytes and plays an important rol

• A number of factors have

  2020-02-04

  

  A number of factors have been shown to remove blocking end groups in order to make the termini of DSBs ligatable. A common non-ligatable end is one that contains either a 3′ phosphate or 5′ hydroxyl. The polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP) is the NHEJ processing enzyme responsible for removing

• Structural characterization of A S Given the low

  2020-02-04

  

  Structural characterization of A1S_0222. Given the low specific activity of our protein preparations and the considerable problems to concentrate the protein to levels above 2.5 mg/mL, we employed SAXS to structurally characterize and generate a low-resolution model of A1S_0222 in solution. Fig. 5 a

• The first group of tests

  2020-02-04

  

  The first group of tests was intended to evaluate the performance of the GUI initialization. We evaluated the times obtained for different initial GUI models with 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 20 components as shown to the user. These sizes were chosen since GUIs (developed within our COTS-based architectures

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2020-02-04

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In rodent species, CYP2E1 and CYP2B have been implicated in CCl4 metabolism. In this study, we used expressed human CYP2E1 to show that this enzyme is a high-affinity catalyst responsible for low-dose CCl4 metabolism. Studies employing an inhibitory

• br Rationale and hypothesis To discover an

  2020-02-04

  

  Rationale and hypothesis To discover an allosteric inhibitor of EGFR, Jia et al. (2016) screened a library of 2.5 million compounds at 1 μM ATP concentration in opposition the purified EGFR L858R/T790M mutant enzyme. 1322 best hits were found from this round of screening. The pinnacle hits had be

• br Acknowledgements br The oxygenation level

  2020-02-04

  

  Acknowledgements The oxygenation level has an impact on various aspects of skin physiology, but mechanisms of these effects, including the role of hypoxia in epidermal differentiation, are still poorly understood. The main components of the hypoxia pathway are short-lived transcription factor H

• br Discussion Nowadays data of

  2020-02-03

  

  Discussion Nowadays, data of uncommon EGFR mutations are limited, considering that patients carrying these rare alterations are usually excluded from clinical trials. Available survival data of activity of EGFR TKIs on this class of mutations, coming from a small number of usually retrospective s

• In mice our EBI EGFP reporter

  2020-02-03

  

  In mice, our EBI2EGFP reporter showed that EBI2 is expressed consistently in naive T helper cells. Already single positive CD4+ thymocytes express EBI2 (not shown). In effector and regulatory T cells in naive mice, the percentage of EBI2 expression was lower (∼40%). Like others (Liu et al., 2011), w

• Crystallographic and NMR based analyses have revealed that R

  2020-02-03

  

  Crystallographic and NMR-based analyses have revealed that RINGs and U-boxes have a common mode of interaction with E2s (Fig. 2A). The key structural elements are two loop-like regions, which, in the case of RINGs, coordinate Zn. The loops surround a shallow groove formed by the central α-helix. Tog

• DGK is classified into the type

  2020-02-03

  

  DGKη is classified into the type II DGK subfamily [12], [13], [14], [15]. As described above, DGKη has the splice variants η1 and η2 [10]. DGKs η1 and η2 possess in common a pleckstrin homology domain at the N-terminus and a catalytic domain that is divided into two subdomains (catalytic subdomain-a

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